The study examines the usage of intelligent and knowledge-based technologies to transform the teaching-learning process to achieve a more efficient education. It discusses the potential of integrating these technologies within an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) that is a core of an intelligent environment. A conceptual model of the Smart Pedagogical module within the Intelligent Education System (IES) that enables a smart and personalized teaching process both in traditional and e-learning modes is introduced. As an essential part of IES, this module comprises educational data mining, learning analytics, ontology models, conceptual maps, and other technologies to support intelligent tutoring. Next, to outline the tendencies in recent research, the study presents a bibliometric survey of concept maps and ontologies as two of the technologies used in ITS. Then, the study explores the main features of these technologies and their applicability and usefulness in the context of personalized and meaningful learning. A use case of conceptual map utilization in practical students' tasks is explored; the obtained results are used for creating a predictive model, which can predict with high accuracy the level of students' knowledge understanding and their learning performance. Such an approach is suitable for integration in IES and enhancement of the predictive ability of ITS. These often-used technologies are essential for knowledge modelling, representation, and organization. The research compares and analyses their strengths and drawbacks in the context of personalized learning. Also, a discussion on the mutual usage of the concept maps and ontologies is provided.

Intelligent Tutoring System; Concept Map; Ontologies; Intelligent Educational System; Bibliometric Survey; Machine Learning